Entries Tagged 'Pharmacy' ↓

Angiotensin Converting enzyme Inhibitors( ACE)

Ace inhibitors approved for therapeutic use in the united states. These compounds can be  sub classified into three groups based on their chemical composition.

-         Sulfhydryl- containing inhibitors exemplified by captoril

-         Dicanboxylate- containing inhibitors exemplified by enalapril

-         Phosphonate – containing inhibitors exemplified by fosinopril.

Adverse effect of ACE:

-hypotensim

-Hyperkalemia

-Dry cough

-Break down of bladykinin.

-         Ace inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of hypertension ,CHF acutemyocardial infraction and diabetic neuphropathy.

-         Ace inhibitors are one of many chemical and pharmacologic agents used to treat hypertension and are effective for a variety of stimulations.

-         Ace inhibitors are specically useful in treating hypertension patients who also suffer from CHF, LVD or diabetes.

-         The ability of ACE inhibitors to cause regression of LVH has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of further heart disease in hypertensive patients.

-         The use of ACE inhibitors in patients with myocardial infraction is similarly based on the ability of ace inhibitors to decrease mortality by preventing postin fanction LVH and CHF.

-         Ace inhibitors have been reported to slow the progressim of diabetic neuropathy and this are preferred agents in the treatment of hypertensim in a diabetic patient.

-         Ace inhibitors be used in patients with diabetic nephropathy regardless of the presence or absence or hypertension.

Drug that antagonizes the action of catecholamine’s at B- adrenoceptor are called B-antagonist, Ex propanolol, atenolol etc.

There are two types of B-adrenocepton blockers as follows,

=> Non-Selective B Brokers= Act on B1 and B2 recepton

Ex. Propanolol,timolol,sotalol.

=> Selective B blocker = B1- Atenolol, Metoprolol

B2-Butoxamine.

M/A of B-Blocker: B- adrenoceptor antagonist/ B-Blocker are competitive blocker of B-receptor. They occupy B receptor and competitively reduce receptor occupancy by catecholamines and other B-Agonist

M/A of sympathetic stimulation:

Sympathetic stimulation

↓

↑Catecholamine

↓

B-receptor  (CVS,CNS,LUNG, EYE)

↓

↑Heart rate, bronchodialation

↓

Pupil dialation, excitation.

Pharmacological action :

CVS- Negative ionotropic effect [ ↓ force of contraction.]

-         Negative chronotropic effect [↓ heart rate]

Lung  – Bronchoopaom.

Eye- ↓ aquob humor formation and lower intraocular pressure

CNS- restlessness, fatigve.

Indication:

=> Angina pectoris

=> IHD (inchemic heart disease )

=> Cmgestive heart failure

=> Hypertension

=> MI ( Myocardial infraction)

=> Glucoma

Adverse effect :

=> Bronchoconstriction

=> Hypotension

=> Restlessness fatigue

=> Cardiac failure.

Contraindication :

=> Hypotension

=> Bradycardia

=> Asthma

=> Left ventricular failure.

Antihypertensive effect of propanolol:

Propanolol

↓

Heart (B1)

↓

↓ HR, ↓force of contraction

↓

Cardiac output

↓

Kidney (B2)

↓

Inhibit renin

↓

BP↓

Conditioner is used to give hair life, spring softeness, volume, body , a silky touch and ease of styling.

If you are looking a way to know about The Ingredients Used As Conditioner then it is as follows:

• Moisturizer
• Reconstructions- sulfur containing amino acid is used as reconstruction
• Acidifiers , used to balance Ph from 2.5-3.5
• Detangler, used to prevent tangle of hair.
• Thermal protectors, to protect the damage of protein due to overheat.
• Glossers , to give hair glossy look.
• Oils, used to make hair soft and pliable.
• Surfactants, mainly cafaoric.
• Lubricants, to make hair silky.
• Sequestering agents , to prevent decimation of MG⁺⁺ / Ca ⁺⁺ salt.
• Antistatic agents, protects hair from being static.
• Preservatives.