40 is probably the point in your life where you will realize that you’re technically getting old, and this is especially true if you have older children at this point. Life can really start to speed up from this point on, and what makes it worse is that 20 years came and went in an instant. Focus on your aging now, and work to enjoy your elder years by implementing some of these tips.
Take additional calcium supplements with your vitamins. Calcium gets more important to your body the older that you get. Most adults need about 1,200 mg of calcium each day. If you do not get the amount that your body needs, your bones are going to get brittle and weak. Continue reading →
What Is Skin
Skin is an organ, consists of different tissues that are joined to perform specific activity. The weight of skin is 4.5-5 Kg and the surface are is about 2 square meters.
Functions of skin:
1) Protection : The skin covers the body and provide a physical barrier that protects underlying tissues from physical abrasion bacterial invasion, dehydrati and ultraviolet radiation.
2) Regulation of Body temperature: The skin plays are important role in regulating body temperature. The evaporation of sweet from the skin surface helps lower and elevated body temperature to normal. Change in the flow of blood to the skin also regulate body temperature.
3) Sensation: The skin contains abundant nerve ending and sensory receptors that defect stimuli related to heat, cold , touch, pressure and pain.
4) Excretion : The skin also plays a role in excretion through sweat it excrete small quantity of ions and several organic compounds.
5) Synthesis of Vitamin D: The skin plays a vital role in the synthesis of vitamin D. In the presence of UV rays inactive form of Vitamin D converts into calcitriol with the help of live and kidney’s enzyme. Calcitriol is the most important active form of Vitamin D. It helps to absorp Ca2 into the Bone.
6) Immunity: the skin contributes to our immune system. Certain cells of the epidermis fends off foreign invaders.
7) Blood reservoir : The dermis houses extensive networks of blood vessels that carry 8-10% of the total blood flow.
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There are major five different diseases under skin infection:
1) Seborrhoeic dermatitis.
2) Cellulites erysipelas.
3) Crustaceous Anthrax .
4) Furunculosis
5) Impetigo Eethyma.
1)Seborrhoeic dermatitis: causative agents malassezia yeast increased sebum production.
Antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents: * Antifungal> ketoconazole .
- Topical corticosteroid> To control inflammation.
- Others> Selenium sulfide, sulfer and salicylic acid or cetrimide shampoo etc.
2)Cellulites erysipelas : common pathogens , cellulitis, Erysipelas.
Antibiotic and Chemotherapeutic agents: Choice of therapy will depend on severity and location of infection and whether or not the patient is a diabetic.
*penicillinâs> penicillin V penicillin G Etc.
* Cephalosporins> Cefadrouil , cefdinir etc.
* Marolides > Azithronycim, Erythromycin etc.
* Quinolones > Levofloxacin, ofloxacin etc.
* And others etc > vancomycin.
3) Cutaneous Anthrax : common pathogens, bacillus anthracids.
Antibiotic and Chemotherapeutic agents: if signs of systemic involvement , extensive edema head and neck involvement, administer IV,.
* penicillins>penicillin V. penicillin G.
*quinolones> Tetracycline, donyciycline etc.
*Macrolides etc > Erythromycin.
4) Furunculosis: common pathogens , Staphylococcus aurous.
Antibiotic and Chemotherapeutic agents:
Most furuncles are treated w/hot packs and drainage.
*Penicillins> oxacillin, flucloxacillin etc.
* Cephalosporins> cefadraxil , cefdinir etc.
* Other Antibiotics > climdamycin, vancomycin etc.
5) Impetigo Acthma
Antibiotic and Chemotherapeutic agents for ballous impetigo:
*Topical therapy.
*Penicillins> flucloxacillin.
* cephalos porines > cefadrozil.
Antibiotic and Chemotherapeutic agents for crusted impetigo.
*Topical therapy penicillins
* penicillins.
* Macrolides.
*cephalosporines.
Treatment of choice:
*PPI in standard dose + clarithromycin 500 mg pobid + Amoxicillin 100mg po bid.
*PPI in standard dose + clarithromycin 500mg po bid+ Metronida zole 400-500 mg po bid.
*Ranitidine bismuth citrate 400mg po bid + clarithromycin 500mg po bid+ amozicillin 1000mg po bid.
*Ranitidine bismuth citrate 400mg po bid + clarithromycin 500mg po bid + metronidazole 400-500 mg po bid.
If clarithromycin is not available :
PPI in standard dose+ amoxicillin 100mg po bid+ metronidazole 400-500mg po bid. PPI( Proton pump intribitor )
Esomeprazole , pantoprazole, omeprazole.