What is Obesity:
Obesity may be characterized by an excess growth of fat in tissues of the body known as obesity. It occurs when BMI(Body mass index) is more than 25.
Overweight is usually due to obesity but can arise from other causes such as abnormal muscle development of fluid retention. Obese individuals different not only the amount of excess fat that they store but also the regional distribution of the fat within the body.
BMI(Body Mass Index):
= Total body weight
Surface area of body(total height).
Factors Of obesity :
There are too many factors for the obesity , the factors are as follows,
A) Age: obesity can occur at any age and generally increase with age. infants with excessive weight gain have an increased incidence of obesity in later life. about one third of obese adults have been so since childhood.
B) Sex: women generally have higher rate of obesity than men, although men may have higher rates of overweight. Most of the women affected by the obesity.
C) Genetic factors: There is a genetic component in the aetiology of obesity. Twin studies have shown a close correlation between the weight of identical twins even when they are reared in dissimilar environment.
D) Eating habit: this is the another main causes for the obesity. eating habits meals, preference to sweet, refined foods and fats are established very early in life. The composition of the of the diet , the periodicity with which it is eaten and the amount of energy delivered from it are all relevant to the aetiology of obesity. A diet containing more energy than needed may lead to prolonged post prandial hyperlipidaemia and to deposit of triglycerides in the adipose tissue resulting in obesity. It has been calculate that children whose requirement energy 2000 Kcal.
Prevention & Control:
Controlling obesity is widely defined as approaches to maintaing weight within the healthy limit of body mass index of 18.5 to 25.9 kg/m2 through out adulthood.
It should also include prevention of weight gain of more than 5 kg in all people. Those person who are suffering from over-weight, a reduction of 5-10 percent of the body weight is must be the initial or primary goal.
Prevention of obesity must be taken within early childhood. It is much difficult to control obesity in adult more than in children. The controlling of obesity or lose the weight can be taken by the following way-
A) Dietary changes: The proportion of energy dense food such as simple carbohydrates fats should be. The fiber content I diet should be increase through the consumption of common in refined foods. The fiber containing foods are –oesbgul, legnine,cellulose nemi cellulose etc. these type of food also can prevent constipation and other intestinal disorder.
Such as- 1) Colon cancer
2) piles.
Besides adequate levels of essential nutrients in the low energy diets should be ensured. The essential nutrients are essential fatty acids, essential amino acids, essential minerals. The reduction of diets should be as close as possible to existing nutritional patterns. The most fundamental consideration is that the food energy intake should not be greater than what is necessary for energy expenditure. It must requires modification of the patients behavior and strong motivation to lose weight maintain an ideal weight according to his/her physician suggestion. Pure drinking water can also reduce the fat of the body. So who are attempting to lose/loss weight they can drink water for this reason.
Unfortunately most steps to reduce weight in obese persons by dietary advice remain unsuccessful.
B) Increased physical activity: Regular physical exercise is the key to an increased energy expenditure. Daily walking and other exercise are important part of weight reducing programmed.
C) Other: Appetite suppressing drugs have been tried in the control of obesity, they are generally inadequate to produce massive weight loss in severely obese patients.
Surgical treatment (e.g gastric bypass, gastroplasty jaw wiring to eliminate the eating of solid food have all been tried with limited success)
The most important things of all to control obesity or loss body weight – to diagnosis the cause of obesity accordingly take the treatment from doctors.
In short one should not expect quick or even tangible results in all causes from obesity prevention programs.
Health education has in important role to play in teaching the people how to reduce over weight and prevent obesity. A fruitful result will be to indentify those children who are at rise of becoming obese and find way of preventing it.